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/7W. Iv^i f . 3*^AW. f'J. ' 


A TRTE 


RELATION 


OF 


The late Battell fought in New- 


England, between the English and the 
Pequet Salvages. 


In which were slaine and taken prisoners 
about 700 of the Salvages, and those which 
escaped, had their heads cut off by 
the Mohocks: 



With the present state of things 
there. 


y 


LOJVD OJ^, 


Printed by Thomas Harper, for Nathanael Butter, 
and lohn Bellamie, 1638. 


3 . I 


1-. ‘ r , 


Oi 





1 


11 


[Of P. Vincent, who, by the signature at the end of the Latin verse! 
on the next page, appears to have been the author of the following narra 
tive of the Pequot War, we have been able to obtain no information what 
ever. It will be seen that a part of the last page is wanting. The copj 
from which we print belongs to the Library of Harvard University. The 
copy belonging to our Society is deficient both at the beginning and end 
and we know of no other from which the hiatus could be supplied. 

Publishing CommitteeJ\ 


.VTi 



t 


Ad Lectorem 

Authoris carmen iv/ccgigiitov de Victoria hac 

Nov'-Anglica, 1637. 

D Vcit in Americam varios gens Angla colonos : 

Et hene conveniunt sideray terray solum. 

Ast ferus hoc prohihet, solis vagahundus in arms, 
Insolitoque aliquos, incolay Marie necat. 

Quod simul invitas crimen pervenit ad aures 
Angligenumy irato murmure cuncta fremunt. 

^ Tunc Icesijusta arma moventy hostemque sequuntWy 
Struxerat haud vanis qui munimenta locis. 

Invadunt vallumy palis sudihusque munitum : 

(Pax erit: hoc uno solvitur ira modo.) 

Vndique concidunt omneSy pars una crematur: 

Post, ccEsi out captiy ccetera turha luit. 

Vtraque Icetatur Pequetanis Anglia victisy 
Et uovuSy ceternum hie jigimury hospes ait. 

Virginia exultaty vicina Novonia gaudet, 

Signaque securce certa quietis habent. 

Plaudite qui colitis Mavortia sacra nepoteSy 
Et serat incultos tutus arator agros. 

Qua novus orbis etaty spiranti numine (Lector) 

Anglia nascetury qua novus orbis erit. 


P. Vincentius. 


Nihil obstare videtur quo minus hcec 
Relatio typis mandetur. 

Novemb. ix. M.DCxxxvij. 

G. R. Weckherlin. 


A true relation of the late battle fought 

in New-England, between the English and Salvages, 
with the present state of things there. 


^^rEW ENGLAND (a name now every day more famous) 
X 1 is so called, because the English were the first disco¬ 
verers, and are now the planters thereof. It is the eastern 
coast of the north part of America, upon the south-west ad-- 
joining to Virginia, and part of that continent, large and 
capable of innumerable people. It is in the same height 
with the north of Spain and south part of France, and the 
temper not much unlike ; as pleasant, as temperate, and 
as fertile as either, if managed by industrious hands. 

This is the stage. Let us in a word see the actors. The 
year 1620, a company of English, part out of the Low Coun¬ 
tries, and some out of London and other parts, were sent for 
Virginia. But being cut short by want of wind, and hardness 
of the winter, they landed themselves in this country, en¬ 
during, with great hope and patience, all the misery that 
desert could put upon them, and employed their wits to 
make their best use of that then snow-covered land for their 
necessities. Aft^r two years' experience of the nature of 
the soil, commodities, and natives, they returned such intel¬ 
ligence to their masters, that others took notice of their 
endeavors and the place. Then some western merchants 
collected a stock, and employed it that way. But they dis¬ 
couraged through losses and want of present gain, some 
Londoners and others (men of worth) undertook it, with 
more resolution, building upon the old foundation. Hence 
a second plantation, adjoined to the other, but supported 
with better pillars and greater means. All beginnings are 
5 



34 


P. Vincenfs History 

ever difficult. The half, saith the proverb, is more than 
the whole. Some errors were committed, and many mise¬ 
ries were endured. No man is wise enough to shun all 
evils that may happen ; but patience and painfulness over¬ 
came all. The success proved answerable even to ambitious 
expectations, notwithstanding the impediments inevitable to 
such undertakings. 

There is scarce any part of the world but habitable, 
though more commodiously by human culture. This part 
(though in its naturals) nourished many natives, distinguish¬ 
ed into divers petty nations and factions. It were needless 
curiosity to dispute their original, or how they came hither. 
Their outsides say they are men, their actions they say are 
reasonable. As the thing is, so it operateth. Their cor¬ 
respondency of disposition with us, argueth all to be of the 
same constitution, and the sons of Adam, and that we had 
the same matter, the same mould. Only art and grace have 
given us that perfection which yet they want, but may per¬ 
haps be as capable thereof as we. They are of person 
straight and tall, of limbs big and strong, seldom seen vio¬ 
lent, or extreme in any passion. Naked they go, except a 
skin about their waist, and sometimes a mantle about their 
shoulders. Armed they are with bows and arrows, clubs, 
javelins, &c. But as soil, air, diet, and custom, make oft- 
times a memorable difference in men’s natures, so it is 
among these nations, whose countries there are like so many 
shires here, of which every one hath their sagamore, or 
king, who, as occasion urgeth, commandeth them in war, 
and ruleth them in peace. Those where the English pitch¬ 
ed, have showed themselves very loving and friendly, and 
done courtesies beyond expectation for these new-come 
inmates; so that much hath been written of their civility 
and peaceful conversation, until this year.v 

But nature, heaven’s daughter, and the immediate charac¬ 
ter of that divine power, as by her light she hath taught us 
wisdom, for our own defence, so by her fire she hath made 
us fierce, injurious, revengeful, and ingenious in the device 
of means for the offence of those we take to be our enemies. 
This is seen in creatures void of reason, much more in man¬ 
kind. We have in us a mixture of all the elements, and 
fire is predominant when the humors are exagitated. All 
motion causeth heat ; all provocation moveth choler ; and 


35 


of the Pequot War. 

choler inflamed becometh a phrensy, a fury, especially in 
barbarous and cruel natures. These things are conspicuous 
in the inhabitants of New England; in whose southern¬ 
most part are the Pequets, or Pequants, a stately, warlike 
people, which have been terrible to their neighbors, and 
troublesome to the English. 

In February last they killed some English at Sea-brooke, 
a southerly plantation beyond Cape Cod, at the mouth of the 
river of Connectacutt. Since that the lieutenant of the fort 
there, with ten men armed, went out to fire the meadows, 
and to fit them for mowing. Arriving there, he started 
three Indians, which he pursued a little way, thinking to ^cut 
them off. But presently they perceived themselves encom¬ 
passed with hundreds of them, who let fly their arrows furi¬ 
ously, and came desperately upon the muzzles of their mus¬ 
kets, though the English discharged upon them with all the 
speed they could. Three Englishmen were there slain, 
others wounded. The eight that remained made their way 
through the salvages with their swords, and so got under 
the command of the cannon of the fort, (otherwise they had 
been all slain or taken prisoners), one of the wounded falling 
down dead at the fort gate. The Indians thus fleshed and 
encouraged, besieged the fort as near as they durst ap¬ 
proach. The besieged presently despatched a messenger 
to the Governor at the Bay, to acquaint him with these sad 
tidings, who with all speed lent unto their aid Captain 
Underhill, with twenty soldiers. Not long after these sal¬ 
vages went to Water Towne, now called Wetherfield, and 
there fell upon some that were sawing, and slew nine more, 
whereof one was a woman, the other a child, and took two 
young maids prisoners, killing some of their cattle, and 
driving some away. Man’s nature insulteth in victory and 
prosperity, and by good success is animated even in the 
worst of wicked actions. These barbarians triumphed and 
proceeded, drawing into their confederacy other Indians, as 
the Nyantecets, and part of the Mohigens, of whom about 
fifty chose rather to join with the English, and sat down at 
New-Towne, at Connectacut (now called Hereford, as the 
other town that went from Dorchester thither is called 
Windsore). Fame increaseth by flying. The former sad 
news was augmented by the report of sixty men slain at 
Master Pinchen’s plantation, which proved false. The 


36 


P, Vincenfs History 

Narragansets, neighbors to the Pequets, sent word to the 
English, that the Pequets had solicited them to join their 
forces with them. Hereupon the Council ordered that none 
should go to work, nor travel, no, not so much as to church, 
without arms. A corps of guard of fourteen or fifteen sol¬ 
diers was appointed to watch every night, and sentinels 
were set in convenient places about the plantations, the 
drum beating when they went to the watch, and every man 
commanded to be in readiness upon an alarm, upon pain of 
five pound. A day of fast and prayers was also kept. Forty 
more were sent to strengthen the former twenty that went 
to the fort, and fifty under the command of Captain Mason, 
which being conjoined were about one hundred. Two 
hundred more were to be sent after them with all expe¬ 
dition. 

The fifty Mohigins that joined with the English, scouting 
about, espied seven Pequets, killed five of them outright, 
wounded the sixth mortally, took the seventh prisoner, and 
brought him to the fort. He braved the English, as though 
they durst not kill a Pequet. Some will have their courage 
to be thought invincible, when all is desperate. But it 
availed this salvage nothing. They tied one of his legs to a 
post, and twenty men, with a rope tied to the other, pulled 
him in pieces. Captain Underhill shooting a pistol through 
him, to despatch him. The two maids which were taken 
prisoners were redeemed by the Dutch. 

Those fifty sent from the three plantations of Connectacut 
with Captain Mason, being joined with Captain Underhill 
and his twenty men, (for the other forty were not yet arrived 
with them), immediately went upon an expedition against 
the Pequets, after they had searched for them. The man¬ 
ner was this. The English with some Mohigens went to 
the Naragansets, who were discontented that they came 
no sooner, saying they could arm and set forth two or three 
hundred at six hours warning, (which they did accordingly, 
for the assistance of the English); only they desired the ad¬ 
vice of the sagamore, Mydutonno, what way they should go 
to work, and how they should fall on the Pequets ; whose 
judgment in all things agreed with the English, as though 
they had consulted together. Then went they to the Nyan- 
ticke, and he set forth two hundred more ; but before they 
went, he swore them after his manner upon their knees. 


of the Pequot War, 


37 


As they marched, they deliberated which fort of the Pequets 
they should assault, resolving upon the great fort, and to be 
there that night. Being on the way, and having a mile to 
march through swamps, the Nyanticke hearts failed, for 
fear of the Pequets, and so they ran away, as also did some 
of the Narragansets. Of five or six hundred Indians, not 
above half were left; and they had followed the rest, had 
not Captain Underhill upbraided them with cowardice, and 
promised them they should not fight or come within shot of 
the fort, but only surround it afar otf. At break of day, the 
seventy English gave the fort a volley of shot, whereat the 
salvages within made a hideous and pitiful cry ; the shot, 
without all question, flying through the palisadoes (which 
stood not very close) and killing or wounding some of them. 
Pity had hindered further hostile proceedings, had not the 
remembrance of the bloodshed, the captive maids, and cruel 
insolency of those Pequets, hardened the hearts of the Eng¬ 
lish, and stopped their ears unto their cries. Mercy mars 
all sometimes; severe justice must nowand then take place. 

The long forbearance and too much lenity of the English 
towards the Virginian salvages, had like to have been the 
destruction of the whole plantation. These barbarians, ever 
treacherous, abuse the goodness of those that condescend to 
their rudeness and imperfections. The English went reso¬ 
lutely up to the door of the fort. What! shall we enter ? 
said Captain Underhill.* What come we for else ? answer¬ 
ed one Hedge, a young Northamptonshire gentleman; who, 
advancing before the rest, plucked away some bushes, 
and entered. A stout Pequet encounters him, shoots his 
arrow, drawn to the head, into his right arm, where it stuck. 
He slashed the salvage betwixt the arm and shoulder, who, 
pressing towards the door, was killed by the English. Im¬ 
mediately Master Hedge encountered another, who perceiv¬ 
ing him upon him before he could deliver his arrow,, gave 
back; but he struck up his heels and run him through ; 
after him he killed two or three more. Then about half the 
English entered, fell on with courage, and slew many. But 
being straitened for room because of the wigwams, (which 
are the salvage huts or cabins), they called for fire to burn 
them. An Englishman stepped into a wigwam, and stoop- 


p Underhill denies this statement. See page 24 of this volume. Pub. Com.} 


38 


P. Vincenfs History 

ing for a firebrand, an Indian was ready to knock out his 
brains : but he whipt out his sword and run him into the 
belly, that his bowels followed. Then were the wigwams 
set on fire, which so raged, that what therewith, what with 
the sword, in little more than an hour betwixt three and 
four hundred of them were killed, and of the English only 
two—one of them by our own muskets, as is thought. For 
the Naragansets beset the fort so close, that not one escaped. 
The whole work ended, ere the sun was an hour high, the 
conquerors retreated down toward the pinnace, but in their 
march were infested by the rest of the Pequets, who scout¬ 
ing up and down, from the swamps and thickets let fly their 
arrows a-main, which were answered by English bullets. 
The Indians that then assisted the English, waiting the fall 
of the Pequets, (as the dog watcheth the shot of the fowler, 
to fetch the prey), still fetched them their heads, as any 
were slain. At last the Narragansets perceiving powder 
and shot to fail, and fearing to fall into the hands of their 
enemies, betook themselves to flight upon the sudden, and 
were as suddenly encompassed by the Pequets. Fear de- 
feateth great armies. If an apprehension of imminent dan¬ 
ger once possess them, it is in vain to stay the runaways. 
No oratory can recall them, no command can order them 
again. The only sure way is, by all means that may be, 
promises, threats, persuasions, &c., to maintain and keep up 
courage, where yet it is. But these fearful companions had 
one anchor, whose cable was not broken. They sent speed¬ 
ily to the English, who came to their rescue; and after five 
muskets discharged, the Pequets fled. Thus freed from that 
fear, they vowed henceforth to cleave closer to the English, 
and never to forsake them in time of need. The reason why 
the English wanted ammunition was, because they had left 
that which they had for store, with their drum, at the place 
of their consultation ; but found it in their return. They 
now all went a-shipboard, and sailed to Seabrook fort, 
where the English feasted the Narragansets three days, and 
then sent them home in a pinnace. 

Let me now describe this military fortress, which natural 
reason and experience hath taught them to erect, without 
mathematical skill, or use of iron tool. They choose a piece 
of ground, dry and of best advantage, forty or fifty foot 
square (but this was at least two acres of ground.) Here 


39 


ojf the Pequot War. 

they pitch, close together as they can, young trees and half 
trees, as thick as a man’s thigh or the calf of his leg. Ten 
or twelve foot high they are above the ground, and within 
rammed three foot deep with undermining, the earth being 
cast up for their better shelter against the enemy’s dis- 
chargements. Betwixt these palisadoes are divers loop¬ 
holes, through which they let fly their winged messengers. 
The door for the most part is entered sideways, which they 
stop with boughs or bushes, as need requireth. The space 
therein is full of wigwams, wherein their wives and children 
live with them. These huts or little houses are framed like 
our garden arbors, something more round, very strong and 
handsome, covered with close-wrought mats, made by their 
women, of flags, rushes, and hempen threads, so defensive 
that neither rain, though never so bad and long, nor yet the 
wind, though never so strong, can enter. The top through 
a square hole giveth passage to the smoke, which in rainy 
weather is covered with a pluver. This fort was so crowd¬ 
ed with these numerous dwellings, that the English wanted 
foot-room to grapple with their adversaries, and therefore 
set fire on all. 

The Mohighens which sided with the English in this ac¬ 
tion, behaved themselves stoutly ; which the other Pequets 
understanding, cut off all the Mohigens that remain with 
them (lest they should turn to the English) except seven ; 
who flying to our countrymen, related this news, and that 
about an hundred Pequets were slain, or hurt in the fight 
with the English, at their return from the fort ; moreover, 
that they had resolved to have sent an hundred choice men 
out of their fort, as a party against the English, the very 
day after they were beaten out by them ; but being now 
vanquished, Sasacus, the Pequetan captain, with the remain¬ 
der of this massacre, w^as fled the country. 

It is not good to give breath to a beaten enemy, lest he 
return armed, if not with greater puissance, yet with greater 
despite and revenge. Too much security, or neglect in this 
kind, hath ofttimes ruined the conquerors. The two hun¬ 
dred English, therefore, resolved on before, were now sent 
forth to chase the barbarians, and utterly root them out. 
Whereupon, Captain Underhill with his twenty men return¬ 
ed, and gave this account of those exploits of the New Eng¬ 
landers, which here we have communicated to the old Eng- 


40 


P. Vincent's History 


lish world. This last party invaded the Pequetan country, 
killed twenty-three, saved the lives of two sagamores for 
their use hereafter, as occasion shall sferve, who have pro¬ 
mised to do great matters for the advancing of the English 
affairs. They pursued the remnant threescore miles beyond 
the country, till within six and thirty miles of the Dutch 
plantations on Hudson’s river, w^here they fought with them, 
killed forty or fifty, besides those that they cut off in their 
retreat, and took prisoners one hundred and eighty, that 
came out of a swamp, and yielded themselves upon promise 
of good quarter. Some other small parties of them were 
since destroyed; and Captain Patrick, with sixteen or eigh¬ 
teen, brought eighty captives to the Bay of Boston. The 
news of the flight of Sassacus, their sagamore, is also con¬ 
firmed. He went with forty men to the Mohocks, which 
are cruel, bloody cannibals, and the most terrible to their 
neighbors of all these nations; but will scarce dare ever to ‘ 
carry arms against the English, of whom they are sore afraid, ^ 
not daring to encounter white men wdth their hot-mouthed 
weapons, which spit nothing else but bullets and fire. 

The terror of victory changeth even the affection of the 
allies of the vanquished, and the securing of our own estates 
makes us neglect, yea forsake or turn against our confeder¬ 
ates, and side w ith their enemies and ours, when we despair 
of better remedy. These cruel, but wily Mohocks, in con¬ 
templation of the English, and to procure their friendship, 
entertain the fugitive Pequets and their captain by cutting 
off all their heads and hands, which they sent to the Eng¬ 
lish, as a testimony of their love and service. 

A day of thanksgiving w^as solemnly celebrated for this 
happy success ; the Pequetans now seeming nothing but a 
name, for not less than seven hundred are slain or taken 
prisoners. Of the English are not slain in all above six¬ 
teen. One occurrent I may not forget. The endeavors 
of private men are ever memorable in these beginnings; the 
meanest of the vulgar is not incapable of virtue, and conse¬ 
quently, neither of honor. Some actions of plebeians have 
elsewhere been taken for great achievements. A pretty 
sturdy youth of New Ipswich, going forth somewdiat rashly 
to pursue the salvages, shot off his musket after them till all 
his powder and shot were spent; which they perceiving, 
re-assaulted him, thinking with their hatchets to have knock- 


41 


of the Peqiiot War, 

ed him in the head : but he so bestirred himself with the 
stock of his piece, and after with the barrel, when that was 
broken, that he brought two of their heads to the army. 
His own desert, and the encouragement of others, will not 
suffer him to be nameless. He is called Francis Wain- 
wright, and came over servant with one Alexander Knight, 
that kept an inn in Chelmsford. 

I have done with this tragic scene, whose catastrophe 
ended in a triumph. And now give me leave to speak 
something of the present state of things there. The tran¬ 
scribing of all colonies is chargeable, fittest for princes or 
states to undertake. Their first beginnings are full of cas¬ 
ualty and danger, and obnoxious to many miseries. They 
must be well grounded, well followed, and managed with 
great stocks of money, by men of resolution, that <Vill not 
be daunted by ordinary accidents. The Bermudas and Vir- 
gina are come to perfection, from mean, or rather base be¬ 
ginnings, and almost by as weak means, beyond all expec¬ 
tation and reason. But a few private men, by uniting their 
stocks and desires, have now raised New England to that 
height, that never any plantation of Spaniards, Dutch, or 
any other arrived at, in so small a time. Gain is the load¬ 
stone of adventures ; fish and furs, with beaver wool, were 
specious baits. But whilst men are all for their private 
profit, the public good is neglected, and languisheth. Wo- 
ful experience had too evidently instructed New England's 
colonies in the precedents of Guiana, the Charibe islands, 
Virginia, andNovania or New-found-land, (now again to be 
planted by Sir David Kirke, though part of the old planters 
there.yet remain). We are never wiser, than when we are 
thus taught. The New-Englanders, therefore, advanced 
the weal public all they could, and so the private is taken 
care for. • 

Corn and cattle are wonderfully increased with them, and 
thereof they have enough, yea sometime to spare to new 
comers, besides spare rooms or good houses to entertain 
them in ; where they may make Christmas fires all winter, 
if thev please, for nothing. I speak not of the naturals of 
the country, fish, fowl, &c., which are more than plentiful. 
They that arrived there this year out of divers parts of Old 
England, say, that they never saw such a field of four hun¬ 
dred acres of all sorts of English grain, as they saw at Win- 
6 


42 


P, Vincenfs History 

ter-towne there. Yet that ground is not comparable to 
other parts of New England, as Salem, Ipswich, Newber¬ 
ry, &;c. In a word, they have built fair towns of the land's 
own materials, and fair ships too, some whereof are here to 
be seen on the Thames; they have overcome cold and hun¬ 
ger, are dispersed securely in their plantations sixty miles 
along the coast, and within the land also, along some small 
creeks and rivers, and are assured of their peace, by killing 
the barbarians, better than our English Virginians were by 
being killed by them. For having once terrified them, by 
severe execution of just revenge, they shall never hear of 
more harm from them, except, perhaps, the killing of a man 
or two at his work, upon advantage, which their sentinels 
and corps-du-guards may easily prevent. Nay, they shall 
have those brutes their servants, their slaves, either wil¬ 
lingly or of necessity, and docible enough, if not obsequious. 
The numbers of the English amount to above thirty thousand, 
which, (though none did augment them out of England), 
shall every day be, doubtless, increased, by a faculty that 
God hath given the British islanders, to beget and bring 
forth more children than any other nation of the world. I 
could justify what I say from the mouths of the Hollanders, 
and adjoining provinces, where they confess, (though good 
breeders of themselves), that never woman bore two child¬ 
ren, nor yet had so many by one man, till the English and 
Scots frequented their wars, and married with them. I 
could give a good reason hereof from nature, as a philoso¬ 
pher, (with modesty be it spoken), but there is no need. 
The air of New England, and the diet, equal, if not excel¬ 
ling that of Old England : besides, their honor of marriage, 
and careful preventing and punishing of furtive congression, 
giveth them and us no small hope of their future puissance 
and multitude of subjects. Herein, saith the wise man, 
consisteth the strength of a king, and likewise of a nation, 
or kingdom. 

But the desire of more gain, the slavery of mankind, was 
not the only cause of our English endeavors for a plantation 
there. The propagation of religion was that precious jewel 
for which these merchant venturers compassed both sea and 
land, and went into a far country to search and seat them¬ 
selves. This I am sure they pretended, and I hope intend¬ 
ed. Only this blessing from my heart I sincerely wish them, 


of the Pequot War, 


43 


and shall ever beseech the Almighty to bestow upon them, 
devout piety towards God, faithful loyalty towards their 
sovereign, fervent charity among themselves, and discretion 
and sobriety in themselves, according to the saying of that 
blessed Apostle, Rom. xii. 3. Not to be wise (in spiritual 
things) above what w 
be wise unto wise sobriety. 

Doubtless there was no 
chastise the insolency of th 
cides, than a sharp war pursu 

and speed. Virginia our mother • ^ 

for her precedent a rule, hath taught 

do in these difficulties, forewarn 

They were endangered by their 

peace, secured by their enmity and# 

the natives. From these experimen 

now inhabitants of those two sister 

out unto themselves an armor of 

lay a sure foundation to their future 


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